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Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré ((:ʁɛmɔ̃ pwɛ̃kaʁe); 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served three times as Prime Minister of France, and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. He was a conservative leader, primarily committed to political and social stability.〔J. F. V. Keiger, ''Raymond Poincaré'' (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126〕
Trained in law, Poincaré was elected as a Deputy in 1887 and served in the cabinets of Dupuy and Ribot. In 1902, he co-founded the Democratic Republican Alliance, the most important center-right party under the Third Republic, becoming Prime Minister in 1912 and President in 1913. He was noted for his strongly anti-German attitudes, and twice visited Russia to maintain strategic ties. At the Paris Peace Conference, he favoured re-occupation of the Rhineland, which he was able to carry out in 1923 as Prime Minister.
==Early years==
Born in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse, France, Raymond Poincaré was the son of Nicolas Antonin Hélène Poincaré, a distinguished civil servant and meteorologist. Raymond was also the cousin of Henri Poincaré, the famous mathematician. Educated at the University of Paris, Raymond was called to the Paris bar, and was for some time law editor of the ''Voltaire''. Extremely ambitious and hard-working with a ferocious desire to be the best at everything he did, he become at the age of 20 the youngest lawyer in France.〔Fromkin, David ''Europe's Last Summer Who Started the Great War in 1914?'', New York: Alfred Knopf, 2004 page 80.〕 As a lawyer, he successfully defended Jules Verne in a libel suit presented against the famous author by the chemist Eugène Turpin, inventor of the explosive melinite, who claimed that the "mad scientist" character in Verne's book ''Facing the Flag'' was based on him.〔A letter which Verne later sent to his brother Paul seems to suggest that, though acquitted due to Poincaré's spirited defence, Verne did intend to defame Turpin.〕 At the age of 26, Poincaré was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, making him the youngest deputy in the entire chamber.〔Fromkin, David ''Europe's Last Summer Who Started the Great War in 1914?'', New York: Alfred Knopf, 2004 page 80.〕
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